Pediatric Voice: A Modern, Collaborative Approach to Care

Table Of Contents

Acknowledgments
Contributors

• Chapter 1. Introduction

• Chapter 2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Pediatric Upper Aerodigestive Tract, Larynx, and Respiratory System
  • Overview
  • Anatomy of the Upper Respiratory System: Overview of Embryologic Development
  • Anatomy of the Upper Respiratory System: Overview of Postnatal Anatomy and Developmental Changes
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Pediatric Upper Aerodigestive Tract
    • Nasal passages
    • Pharynx
    • Esophagus
    • Larynx
  • Vocal Fold Microstructure- Contributed by Keiko Ishikawa
  • Basics of Histology
    • Vocal Fold Histology
  • Developmental Changes in the Vocal Fold Across the Lifespan
    • Fetus and Infant
    • Young Children
    • Adolescents
    • Older Adult and Elderly
  • Pediatric Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Lower Respiratory Tract
    • Tracheal Airway
    • Bronchioles/Bronchi
    • Lungs/Thoracic Cavity
    • Muscles of Respiration
    • The Physiology of Breathing
  • The Physiology of Phonation
    • The Basics
    • Theories of Phonation
    • Pitch and Intensity Changes
    • Resonance
  • Chapter Summary
  • References

• Chapter 3. Neural Controls of Voice
  • Overview
  • Vocalization and Infant Cry
  • Central Neural Controls
    • Brainstem
    • Cortical and Subcortical controls
  • Peripheral Neural Controls
    • Cranial Nerves
    • Laryngeal and Pulmonary Reflexes
  • Pediatric Voice and Disorders of the CNS
    • Chiari Malformation
    • Cerebral Palsy
    • Movement Disorders
    • Voice and Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Chapter Summary
  • References

• Chapter 4. Etiology and Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders– Contributed by Alessandro de Alarcon
  • Introduction
  • Pediatric Voice Disorders: Risk Factors and Symptoms
  • Common Vocal Fold Pathologies
    • Vocal Fold Nodules, Cysts, and Polyps
    • Management
    • Vocal Fold Process Granulomas
    • Management
    • Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
    • Management
    • Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
    • Management
    • Laryngeal Webs
    • Management
    • Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
    • Management
    • Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Eosinophilic Esophagitis
    • Management
    • Sulcus Vocalis and Vocal Fold Scar
    • Management
  • Chapter Summary
  • References

• Chapter 5. A Collaborative Approach to Evaluating the Child With a Voice Disorder
  • Overview
  • Evaluation Models and Approaches
    • The Solo and School-Based Practitioner with Otolaryngology Referral
  • Screenings
  • The Medical Evaluation
    • Oral Peripheral Examination
    • Hearing Screening
  • Background and History
    • Significant Medical History
    • Vocal Hygiene
    • Vocal Symptoms
    • Airway History
    • Behavioral Questions
    • Special Circumstances
  • Assessing Impact: Handicapping and Quality of Life Indicators
  • Perceptual Evaluation
  • Instrumental Assessment
    • Acoustic Analysis
    • Aerodynamics
    • Electroglottography
    • Endoscopy
  • Pulling It All Together: Case Summaries
    • Case 1. Hospital-Based Clinician
    • Case 2. School-Based Clinician
    • Case 3. Private Practice Clinician
  • Chapter Summary
  • References
  • Appendix 5-A. Initial Intake History Form
  • Appendix 5-B. DVD Table of Contents

• Chapter 6. A Collaborative Approach to Treatment
  • Overview
  • Collaborative Treatment Model
  • Solo or School-Based Practitioner
    • Making the Case
    • Communicating with Teachers and Others
    • Pediatric Voice Disorders and Their Identification Under IDEA
    • Access to Professional Care
    • Establishing a Connection with Child and Family
  • Indirect Treatment Methods
  • Direct Treatment Methods
    • Vocal Function Exercises
    • Resonance Therapy
    • Methods Based on Semi-Occlusion of the Vocal Tract
    • Additional Treatment Techniques
  • Adapting Adult Techniques for Children/Improving Compliance
    • Child and Adolescent Differences
  • Technology and Therapy
    • Gaming
    • Apps for Google Android and Apple iOS Devices
    • Teleheath and Pediatric Voice Therapy
  • Pediatric Performer: Considerations for Performing Voice-Childhood Through Adolescence- Contributed by Wendy Le Borgne
    • Historical Vocal Pedagogy of Young Singers
    • Considerations for Singing During Puberty
    • Laryngeal Pathology in the Pediatric Performer
  • Pulling It All Together: Case Summaries
    • Case 1. Patient: Lancer (Bilateral Vocal Fold Lesions)
    • Case 2. Patient: Tom (Bilateral Vocal Fold Lesions)
    • Case 3. Patient: Elizabeth (Functional Voice Loss)
    • Case 4. Patient: Audrey (Anterior Laryngeal Web and Chronic High Pitch Voice)
    • Case 5. Patient: Todd (Therapy to Promote Supraglottic Voice Use)
    • Case 6. Patient: Zachary (Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis)
    • Case 7. Patient: Jeff (Subglottic Stenosis and Airway Reconstruction)
  • Chapter Summary
  • References
  • Appendix 6-A. Vocal Hygiene Guidelines
  • Appendix 6-B. Vocal Hygiene Record
  • Appendix 6-C. Gastroesophageal Reflux Information for Families
  • Appendix 6-D. Vocal Function Exercises Home Instructions
  • Appendix 6-E. Vocal Function Exercises Data Form
  • Appendix 6-F. Resonance Therapy Home Instructions
  • Appendix 6-G. Resonance Therapy Data Form
  • Appendix 6-H. DVD Table of Contents: Demonstration of Treatment Methods

• Chapter 7. Managing Children With Complex Voice Disorders
  • Overview
  • Pediatric Airway Injury
    • Subglottic Stenosis
    • Pediatric Tracheotomy and Tracheostomy
    • The Role of the SLP in Caring for a Child with a Tracheostomy
  • Airway Reconstruction
    • Physical Findings and Voice Outcomes Post Airway Reconstruction
    • Voice Evaluation for the Child Pre- or Post- Airway Reconstruction
    • Treatment of Dysphonia Following Airway Reconstruction
  • Pediatric Laryngectomy
    • Symptoms and Causes
    • Treatment
  • Paradoxical Vocal Fold Dysfunction
    • Symptoms and Causes
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
  • Puberphonia
    • Symptoms and Causes
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
  • Muscle Tension Dysphonia in Children: An Overview
  • Pulling It All Together: Case Summaries
    • Case Summary 1. Patient: Sam (Pediatric Laryngectomy)
    • Case Summary 2. Patient Katie (Paradoxical Vocal Fold Dysfunction)
  • Chapter Summary
  • References

• Appendix A. Supplement on Wound Healing and the Vocal Folds– Contributed by Keiko Ishikawa
  • Wound Healing and the Vocal Folds
    • Wound Healing Process
    • Factors that Influence Wound Healing
    • Vocal Fold Wound Healing and Scar
    • Voice Therapy and Wound Healing
    • References

Index