About The Authors
Brenda Smith, DMA, a lyric soprano, teaches studio voice, singer’s diction, and vocal pedagogy at the University of Florida in Gainesville. She is widely recognized for her contributions to the concept of lifelong singing through proper voice care. Brenda Smith’s most recent publication is Diction in Context: Singing in English, Italian, German, and French. She is the author of So You Want to Sing for a Lifetime: A Guide to Performer, a publication sponsored by the National Association of Teachers of Singing. Dr. Smith and Dr. Robert T. Sataloff have collaborated on a variety of projects to promote vocal health through choral singing. They are the co-authors of two textbooks, Choral Pedagogy, Third Edition and Choral Pedagogy and the Older Singer that unite voice science, vocal pedagogy with choral conducting. Brenda Smith serves on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Voice and is a Consulting Editor for Plural Publishing. In recognition of demonstrated excellence in teaching and her interest in voice science, Dr. Smith received the Van Lawrence Fellowship in 2000, presented by The Voice Foundation and the NATS. Before joining the University of Florida faculty, she taught at Westminster Choir College, Dickinson College, and Rowan University.
Ronald Burrichter, MM, joined the faculty of the University of Florida in 1984. His festival conducting and adjudicating have taken him from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Mississippi River to the shores of the Atlantic. A lyric tenor of international reputation, he has appeared in Carnegie Hall on 13 occasions under the baton of Robert Shaw, is heard as soloist on two of the eight CDs he has recorded with Mr. Shaw, and was the tenor soloist of choice by Sir David Willcocks and the London Bach Choir, as well as Mr. Shaw with the Robert Shaw Chamber Singers in Atlanta. A Past-President of the Florida Chapter of the American Choral Directors Association, Mr. Burrichter was honored by Florida ACDA for “Outstanding contributions to choral music in Florida.” At the University of Florida, Prof. Burrichter has conducted the Men’s Glee Club, the Women’s Chorale, University Choir, Chamber Singers, and currently teaches voice and voice skills, a course for instrumental music education majors.
Table Of Contents
Foreword by Robert T. Sataloff, MD, DMA, FACS
How to Use This Book
A Message to Students
A Message to Teachers
Getting Started: Studying Singing Together
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Reviewers
Introduction. Class Voice and Strategies for Lifelong Singing
Song: With and Without Words
Instruments versus Voice
Human Growth: Musical, Physical, Aesthetic
Speaking Voice and Singing Voice Use
Musical Skill Training and Singing
Issues of Fach and Longevity
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 1. Skills for Learning to Sing
Brenda Smith
The Basics of Singing
Relaxation
Posture
Breathing
Resonance
The Why and How of Warm-Ups and Cool Downs
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 2: Anatomy and Physiology of the Voice
Robert Thayer Sataloff
Anatomy
Physiology
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Skills for Learning to Sing Music
Ronald Burrichter
Introduction
Musicianship Skills
Singing and Rhythm
Basics of the Printed Page
Other Rhythmic Tricks
Singing and Note Learning
Understanding Aural Skill Levels
Strategies for Lifelong Music Learning
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Learning
Music Learning
Online Resources for Music Learning
Choral Singing
Chapter 4. Skills for Learning to Sing Text
Brenda Smith
The Italian Language and Singing Skill
International Phonetic Alphabet
Tricks for Learning IPA
The Value of the International Phonetic Alphabet
Learning the IPA in English
Consonants
Singing Versus Speaking Vowels and Consonants
Using the International Phonetic Alphabet as a Tool
Phonetic Transcriptions and “Rhyming Vowels”
Sounds in Italian, German, and French
Diction in Context
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
References
Chapter 5. Singing Solo
Brenda Smith
The Singing Art in the Western World
Bel Canto, Legato, and the Even Scale
Range, Registration, and Tessitura
Messa di Voce or “Measuring” the Voice
Tone Quality and Vibrato
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
Reference
Chapter 6. Singing with Others
Brenda Smith and Ronald Burrichter
Singing Together in Choirs
A Brief History of Early Choral Singing
Unison Singing
Choral Breathing
Canons
Suggested Canons for Class Voice Use
Two-Part Singing
The Singing Life of Choral Singers
Singing Soprano in a Choir
Singing Alto in a Choir
Singing Tenor in a Choir
Singing Baritone or Bass in a Choir
Choral Singing and Tuning
Challenges of Choral Singing
Score Marking
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
Reference
Chapter 7. Skills for Mastering Repertoire
Brenda Smith and Ronald Burrichter
Warm-ups and Voice Building
Relaxation and Posture
Breathing and Resonance
Cool-Downs
Solving Vocal Problems in Repertoire
Repertoire Learning Skills
Learning a Song: Step 1 Is the Text
Word Mastery
Understanding Vowels
Materials for Score Preparation
Establishing the Context for a New Song
Sample Fact Sheet for Vocal Repertoire
Musical Preparation
Practice Strategies
Sample Practice Logs
Sample One
Sample Two
Sample Three
Practice Styles
The Role of Mindfulness and Joy in Practice
Performance Anxiety and Musical Preparation
Tips for Mindful Preparation
Performing and Mental Toughness
Physical Factors and Performance
Singing and Sharing the Stage
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
Practice Skills
Performance Anxiety
References
Chapter 8. Vocal Skills and Repertoire
Brenda Smith and Ronald Burrichter
What Singers Sing
Folk Songs
Early Italian Songs and Arias
British and American Song
German Lieder
French Mélodie
Learning Vocal Skills through Repertoire
Suggested Vocal Repertoire and Lesson Plans for Class Voice Study
Breath Coordination and Gentle Onset
Legato and Phrasing
Vocal Agility and Flexibility
Vocal Color and Text Painting
Range and Registration
Messa di voce
Opera, Singspiel, and Operetta
Musical Theater
Suggested Musical Theater Repertoire for Class Voice
Spirituals and African American Art Songs
Putting It All Together
Interpreting Text and Music
Performance Strategies for Class Presentations
Midterm and Final Projects and Performances
Midterm Presentation
Final Presentation
Program Notes and Research
Performance Etiquette
Criteria for Evaluation
“An die Musik” (To Music) – An International Calling Card for Singers
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Recommended Online Resources
Resources for Lesson Planning
Resources for Repertoire Acquisition
Resources for Music Purchase
Resources for Further Reading
References
Chapter 9. The Singing Life
Considerations for the Adolescent Singing Voice
Vincent Oakes
Singing Fundamentals for the Adolescent Voice
Phonation Onset and Duration
Non-Pitched Exercises for the Adolescent Voice
Limited Range Exercises for the Adolescent Voice
Aural Development of the Adolescent Singer
Balance and Physicality for the Developing Singer
Additional Considerations
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
For Further Reading
References
Singing and Women
Brenda Smith
Finding Your Voice
Women and Choral Singing
Healthy Voice Use
Maintaining Your Voice
Vocal Aging: To Sing or Not to Sing
Vocal Limitations and Strategies
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Singing Life of Men
Ronald Burrichter
The Singing Life of Tenors
Men Falsetto Voices
The Singing of Life of Baritones and Basses
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
Gender Spectrum Voice
Erin Nicole Donahue
Working with the Gender Diverse Population
Transition and Hormones
Aspects of Voice and Verbal Communication
The Transgender or Gender Diverse Singer
Considerations for the Music Educator
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
Chapter 10. The Science of Healthy Singing
Erin Nicole Donahue
Vocal Health and Wellness
A Brief Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Respiration
Maximizing Vocal Health
Voice Disorders and Laryngeal Pathology
The Voice Care Team
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
Conclusion. The Benefits of Skillful Lifelong Singing
Brenda Smith and Ronald Burrichter
Singing Alone and With Others
The Intrinsic Value of Singing
Singing in the 21st Century
21st Century Vocal Pedagogy
Maintaining Fundamental Skills for Singing
Cautions and Strategies
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Resources for Further Reading
References
Glossary
Bibliography: Resources for Research and Learning
Index
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